In today’s world with the prevalence of infections such as COVID 19 significantly impacting our lives it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of how our bodies combat these unseen threats.
Recognition and defense of the immune system against viruses
Remember how viruses that come into the body do not go unscathed. Our immune system can detect these outsiders and begin a response with or without symptoms. First, there are physical defenses like skin and mucous membranes that try to keep pathogens at bay.
When macrophages and dendritic cells recognize the virus, they start to secrete cytokines. A message from these cytokines is sent out that alerts other immune cells about the presence of this virus, which in turns leads to an inflammatory response used as a weapon against any invading forces.
Antibodies AND T cells?
These specialized responses come from the adaptive immune system and are equally important to fighting viral infection. These antibodies, made by B cells — a type of white blood cell that targets viruses specifically in this case — have been shown to protect the body from being reinfected. Those antibodies attach to the virus, either neutralizing it or marking it for death by other immune cells.
Another type of white blood cell is called T cells. This is because our helper immune soldiers, the humble t-cells jump into action and play a critical role. When symptoms of the viral disease begin to be evidenced, cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells) undergo activation and migrate through tissue fluid syfered. These T cells attack and destroy infected cells, preventing the virus from replicating and spreading further.
Cells called macrophages and dendritic cells detect the virus and release signaling molecules known as cytokines. These cytokines act as messengers informing cells about the virus presence and triggering an inflammatory reaction to control the infection.
Immune System Memory
After eliminating the virus the immune system generates memory cells. These cells store information about the virus enabling a more efficient response if the same virus tries to invade. This forms the basis of vaccination — introducing a part of a virus to teach the system how to identify and fight it in future encounters.
Dealing with Emerging Viral Threats
to the COVID 19 crisis it is crucial for the immune system to adjust and respond effectively. Sometimes new strains of viruses can outsmart the system leading to outbreaks. Nevertheless whether through infection or getting vaccinated the immune system can be taught to identify these strains offering defense against severe illness.
Being Taking Precautions
Recognizing how the immune system reacts to infections underscores the significance of vaccinations and public health practices. Like travelers must follow safety protocols for their well being. That of others staying informed about the latest scientific advancements allows us all to play a role, in fostering a healthier and safer environment.
